Association between Sleep Duration and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Korean Adults: The Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between sleep duration and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean adults.METHODS: Among the 18,034 adults who participated in the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,020 adults with missing values were excluded, and 15,014 adults were enrolled in our study. The association between sleep duration and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was analyzed by multiple logistic regression. We controlled for factors including sex, age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, walking exercise, muscular exercise, and stress.RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, walking, muscular exercise, and stress in a multiple logistic regression analysis, sleep duration was associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. The group who slept for less than 7 hours per night had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than the group who slept for between 7 and 9 hours per night.CONCLUSION: In this study, a shorter sleep duration was associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty in a patient with a transverse facial cleft / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND@#Transverse facial clefts are Tessier's number 7 facial cleft among numbers 1–15 in Tessier's classification of craniofacial malformations, which varies from a simple widening oral commissure to a complete fissure extending towards the external ear.CASE PRESENTATION: In a patient with a transverse facial cleft, to functionally arrange the orbicularis oris muscle and form the oral commissure naturally, we performed a surgical procedure including orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty.@*CONCLUSION@#We achieved good results functionally and esthetically by orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty. The surgical modality of our anatomical repair and 3 months follow-up results are presented.

Evaluation of conservation of endangered species through somatic cell nuclear technology / 대한수의학회지

The number of wild animal species is gradually decreasing due to poaching, hunting and habitat loss. While several endangered animal species have been successfully preserved at the zoo, assisted reproductive technology (ART) must be applied to restore wild animals. In the case of critically endangered animals, somatic cell cloning is considered the most appropriate method of ART. Somatic cell cloning can be beneficial for the reproduction of endangered species with limited female populations. However, gene and cell banks, and understanding of reproductive physiology and optimization of ART for wild animals are urgently required for further activation of artificial reproduction of endangered species, which enlarges its application and maintains biodiversity. Care should also be taken to consider ethical and legal issues associated with somatic cell cloning for conservation of endangered animals.

Effect of Botulinum Toxin A on Capsule Formation in Submuscular Breast Implant Insertion: Rabbit Experimental Model

We examined the effects of botulinum toxin after submuscular implant insertion, observing the degree of capsule formation after restricting movement of muscle. 12 female Newzeland white rabbits weighing 2.5~3.0 kg were used in our study. A skin incision 5cm in length was made to above the Latissimus Dorsi muscle followed by a 4cm incision on the muscle. An implant was inserted under the muscle. Botulinum toxin was injected at the right side of the 12 rabbit Latissimus Dorsi muscles (experimental group). Then rabbits were dived in two group, 6 rabbits each. Saline was injected at the left side of the 6 rabbit Latissimus Dorsi muscles (control group) and nothing was given to the others (negative control group). The 12 rabbits were euthanized after 6 months and the capsule surrounding the implant was excised along with adjacent tissue. The thickness of the capsule was taken from 5 locations from the stained tissue and the results were statistically analyzed. There was no statistical significant difference among the groups. Restriction of muscular movement did not have a significant effect in the formation of capsule formation.

Usefulness of Gracilis Flap for Perineal Area Reconstruction

PURPOSE: Due to the closed and humid condition of the perineal area, wound problems occurring at this site are sometimes complicated, especially following postoperative radiation therapy. Moreover, the anal sphincter is a very important functional structure but reconstruction of the anal sphincter after severe trauma poses a challenging problem to plastic surgeons. In this article, we demonstrate the usefulness of the pedicled gracilis flap in the reconstruction of the perineal area. METHODS: From September 2008 to November 2009, 6 patients, 4 males and 2 females, underwent surgery of the perineal area. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 62 years (mean age was 48). The mean follow up period was 14 months. In 4 cases, the patient presented with wound problems after postoperative radiation therapy for anal cancer. In 2 cases, the patient presented with traumatic sphincter damage. Only the gracilis muscle was used in the 4 cases and a musculocutaneous flap was used in the 2 cases involving skin defects, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 6 patients, 1 patient underwent hematoma evacuation of the donor site, and 1 patient presented with prolapse of the vaginal mucosa which recovered spontaneously. There were no report of other complications and there were no wound recurrences. Minimal incontinence was observed in all patients who underwent sphincter reconstruction, but all were satisfied with the overall results. CONCLUSION: The gracilis flap is useful in the reconstruction of the perineal area, such as in cases of radiotherapy induced wound problems and sphincter damage following severe trauma, due to its easy accessibility, rich vascularity, and minimal donor site morbidity.

Oribicularis Oris Muscle Defects in Philtral Deformities in the Repaired Cleft Lip

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to estimate muscle defect by ultrasonography in the patients with secondary deformities of the lip. We investigated the association between the muscle defect in the repaired cleft lip and the philtral appearance not only at resting state but also maximal puckering. METHODS: From December 2006 to November 2007, 52 children were evaluated after primary or secondary cheiloplasty. Digital photographs were taken both from the front and both three quarter views in repose and at maximal pucker. Video clips were also taken in repose and at maximal pucker. A panel of four, scored the philtral ridge and dimple seen on these photographs and videos by using two visual analog scales. Eminence of the philtral ridge was scored by a 5 point grading scale, from "conspicuous groove" to "normal philtral ridge" and the philtral dimple was scored by 3 point grading scale, from "no dimple" to "prominent dimple". Ultrasound images of the upper lip were made using a linear array transducer at the resting position of the lip and evaluated by a single radiologist. RESULTS: The philtral ridge eminence scored 2.79+/-0.54 and 1.40+/-0.53 at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "flat" and "conspicous groove". The philtral dimpling scored 1.44+/-0.53 and 2.27+/-0.66 at resting and maximal pucker, correlating with "no dimple" and "slight dimple". Ultrasound imaging showed the average muscle dehiscence to be 3.78+/-2.14mm at resting position. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral ridge eminence at rest was statistically significant (p<0.050), but was not significant(p=0.756) at maximal pucker using Spearman's rank correlation. Correlation between the muscle defect in ultrasound imaging and philtral dimpling was not statistically significant both at rest (p=0.920) and at maximal pucker(p=0.815) using Spearman's rank correlation. CONCLUSION: Quantitative assessment of the muscle defect using ultrasonography correlates with the static philtral appearance, but does not correlate with the dynamic appearance. Also, the size of the muscle defect does not show any correlation with the philtral dimpling. Our findings reveal that ultrasound imaging partially reflect static appearance of philtrum but cannot reflect dynamic appearance and suggest the need for further research to evaluate dynamic appearance.